民机舱门过中心锁机构的传感器虚告警可靠性分析

Reliability analysis of sensor false alarms for over-center locking mechanisms of civil aircraft doors

摘要:

基于适航条款对舱门的安全性要求，舱门普遍采用锁机构与锁传感器来实现锁定和指示功能。由于锁机构上锁、解锁状态与锁传感器激活、不激活状态存在偏差，导致传感器可能虚告警。分析了过中心锁机构的锁定原理，考虑锁机构过中心后过度运动导致的解锁风险，确定了过中心锁机构上锁、解锁的临界位置。针对典型的接近传感器，阐明了感应原理，考虑标靶与传感器的安装位置、制造及装配误差等因素，识别了传感器的确定激活区、确定不激活区的位置划分。通过对比分析，建立了由于机构导致的锁传感器虚告警可靠性分析模型，形成了可靠性分析方法。以某型民机舱门过中心锁机构的传感器为例，评估了由于机构导致传感器虚告警的失效概率，并对虚告警的可靠性提出了优化建议。结果表明：通过锁机构设计优化或者提高机构的制造、装配精度，同时综合权衡传感器误示上锁到位的风险，能有效提高舱门指示的可靠性，为舱门指示功能的设计提供参考。

Abstract:

Based on the safety requirements of airworthiness clauses for doors, civil aircraft doors generally use lock mechanisms and lock sensors to achieve locking and indication functions. Due to the deviation between locking/unlocking status of lock mechanisms and activation/deactivation status of lock sensors, lock sensors may give false alarms. The locking principle of over-center locking mechanisms has been analyzed. Taking the unlocking risk caused by excessive movement of locking mechanisms after passing through the center into consideration, the critical position for locking and unlocking of over-center locking mechanisms has been determined. For typical proximity sensors, the induction principle has been elucidated. Taking into account factors such as arrangement, manufacturing and assembly errors between targets and sensors, the location division of determined active zone and determined inactive zone of the sensor has been identified. Through comparative analysis, for sensor false alarm caused by mechanisms, a reliability analysis model has been established, and a reliability analysis method has been formed. Taking the sensor of the over-center locking mechanism of a certain type of civil aircraft door as an example, the failure probability of sensor false alarms caused by the mechanism has been evaluated, and optimization suggestions for the reliability of false alarms have been proposed. The results show that, optimizing the design of lock mechanism or improving the manufacturing and assembly accuracy of the mechanism, while comprehensively balancing the risk of sensor false indication of locking in place, can effectively improve the reliability of civil aircraft door indication and provide reference for the design of door indication function.